Menopause

Authors

  • Susan R. Davis School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
  • Irene Lambrinoudaki Medical School, University of Athens, and Aretaieio University Hospital, Greece
  • Maryann Lumsden Reproductive & Maternal Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom
  • Gita D. Mishra School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
  • Lubna Pal Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
  • Margaret Rees Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
  • Nanette Santoro University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
  • Tommaso Simoncini University of Pisa, Italy

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2015.22.77-84

Keywords:

menopause, premenopausе, classification STRAW, vasomotor symptoms, vaginal atrophy, menopausal osteoporosis

Abstract

Menopause is an inevitable component of ageing and encompasses the loss of ovarian reproductive function, either occurring spontaneously or secondary to other conditions. It is not yet possible to accurately predict the onset of menopause, especially early menopause, to give women improved control of their fertility. The decline in ovarian oestrogen production at menopause can cause physical symptoms that may be debilitating, including hot flushes and night sweats, urogenital atrophy, sexual dysfunction, mood changes, bone loss, and metabolic changes that predispose to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The individual experience of the menopause transition varies widely. Important influential factors include the age at which menopause occurs, personal health and wellbeing, and each woman’s environment and culture. Management options range from lifestyle assessment and intervention through to hormonal and non-hormonal pharmacotherapy, each of which has specific benefits and risks. Decisions about therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women depend on symptomatology, health status, immediate and long-term health risks, personal life expectations, and the availability and cost of therapies. More effective and safe therapies for the management of menopausal symptoms need to be developed, particularly for women who have absolute contraindications to hormone therapy

Author Biographies

Maryann Lumsden, Reproductive & Maternal Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary

Деление репродуктивной и материнской медицины,

Lubna Pal, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Кафедра акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии,

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Published

2015-04-14

How to Cite

Davis, S. R., Lambrinoudaki, I., Lumsden, M., Mishra, G. D., Pal, L., Rees, M., Santoro, N., & Simoncini, T. (2015). Menopause. REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, (22), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2015.22.77-84

Issue

No. 22 (2015)

Section

Management of menopause

License

Copyright (c) 2015 Susan R. Davis, Irene Lambrinoudaki, Maryann Lumsden, Gita D. Mishra, Lubna Pal, Margaret Rees, Nanette Santoro, Tommaso Simoncini

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